Reference:
C.Sha.7, C. Chi.26, S.Sha.6, A. H. Sha.4
Definition:
Marma are the 107 particular vital points in body. Trauma to these vital points leads to instantaneous death, rigorous pain or enduring disability. Marma are107vital points described in which there is aaggregation of Siraa, Maamsa, Snaay , Asthi, Sandhi and particularly Praan`a (Agni, Soma, Vaayu, Satva, Raja, Tama , Panchendriya Bhotaatmaa.) inhabit naturally hence trauma to these points lead in instant death.
Marma as also described as the areas on the body, which exhibit pain on pressure or odd pulsation (of Siraa and Dhamanee) are observed.
Though Marma are said to of types segregated according to Siraa , Maamsa Snaayu , Asthi , Sandhi based on Praan`ayatana they are assumed as unique.
Knowledge of Marma is essential as Marma Adhikaara covers half part of surgical application.
Types of Marma according to fatal intensity:
- Sadya Praan`ahara Marma:-
These are Agni Mahaabhoota Pradhaana so trauma to these Marma leads to instant death. - Kaalantara Praa`na hara Marma:–
These Marma are Soumya (Jala) and Agni Mahaabhoota Pradhaana, Jala Mahaabhoota reduces the intense attribute of Agni and thus trauma to these Marma lead to death after some span of time. - Vis`halyaghna Marma:-
These Marma are Vaayu Mahaabhootapradhaana, therefore in case of injury caused by any weapon to this Marma the patient sUrveeves until the weapon or the foreign body is intact at the site of these vital points. However, on extraction of the weapon or the foreign body the patient dies.
This is because the tip of the foreign body obstructs Vaayu at the site of Marma and thus the life sustained but on extraction of weapon of foreign body, the Vaayu passes on from the site of Marma leading to death. However, if foreign body comes out after suppuration (Paaka) the patient may sUrveeve. - Vaikalyakara Marma :-|
These Marma are Soma Gun`a Pradhaana hence due to stability and cold properties thus injury to these Marma causes disability but sustains life. - Rujaakara Marma:-
These Marma are Vaayu and Agni Mahaabhootapradhaana, hence injury to these Marma leads to drastic pain also some opine these Marma as Paanchabhauteeka.
Four types of Siraa Viz. Vaata, Pitta, Kappa, and Rakta Vaha Siraa nourish Siraa Snaayu, Maamsa, Asthi Sandhi and the whole body. Therefore, injury to Marma causes severe bleeding resulting Raktakshaya that further leads to Vaataparkopa causing various types of pains.
After this Pitta also gets aggravated causing symptoms like Trishn`aa,S`hosha, Mada etc. ultimately leading to death
Difference of opinion based on qualitative concern
- Sadya Praan`a hara Marma have equal qualitative involvement of all five essentials viz.Siraa, Snaayu, Maamsa, Asthi, Sandhi.
- In Kaalantara Praan`hara Marma less qualitative involvement and only four factors are present.
- In Vis`halyaghna Marma three factors are present.
- In Vaikalyakara Marma, only two factors are present.
- In Rujaakara Marma, only one factor is present.
In addition, these have respectively, lesser qualitative involvement to form a Marma.
However, this is not true as even trauma to AsthiMarma causes bleeding.
Ghaatakaakaala: – Sadya Praan`ahara Marma is 7 days or instant death.
Kaalantarapraan`ahara Marma is from 15 days to one month.
Effects of Trauma the peripheral site of Marma
If the trauma is exactly at the midpoint of Marma, the symptoms are most intense and to the periphery, the symptoms are less intense.
- If there is trauma near to the site of Sadya Praan`aHara Marma it may lead to death after some span of time.
- If there is trauma near to the site of Kaalantara Praan`aHara Marma it may lead to disability.
- If there is trauma near to the site of Vis` halyaghna Marma, it may lead disability.
- If there is trauma near to the site of Vaikalyakara Marma, it may result in pain after some time.
- If there is trauma near to the site of Rujaakara Marma, it may lead slight pain.
Classification:-
Mahaamarma: -Basti, Hridaya, S`hira.
According to Desha Bheda
| S`haakhaashrita | 11 in each extremity 44. |
| Kosht`ha gata | 26 = Udara12 + Ura 14. |
| Urdhva jatrugata | 37. |
According to Pramaan`a Bheda
| Angula pramaan`a | Marma |
| 1 Angula | Urvee, Koorchas`hira, Vit`apa, Kakshaa, Paars`hva, Stanamoola. |
| 2 Angula | Man`ibandha, Gulpha. |
| 3 Angula | Jaanu, Koorpara. |
| Hasta tala | Hridaya, Basti, Naabhi, Guda, S`hrigaat`aka, Seemanta. |
| Angula | Rest56 |
According to Rachanaa Bheda
| MaamsaMarma | 11 | Tala hridaya, Indrabasti, Guda, Stanarohita. |
| Siraa Marma | 41 | Neelaadhamani, Maatrikaa, S`ringaata`aka, Apaanga , Sthapanee, Stanamoola, Hridaya, Naabhi,Apalaapa, Urvee, Lohitaaksha, Brihatee. |
| Snaayu Marma | 27 | Aan`i,Vit`apa,Kaakshaadhara,Koorcha, Koorchas`heera Basti, Kshipra, Amasa, Vidhura, Utkshepa. |
| Asthi Marma | 8 | Kat`ikatraun`a, Nitamba, Ansaphalaka, S`hankha. |
| SandhiMarma | 20 | Jaanu, Koorpara, Seemanta, Adhipati, Gulpha,Man`ibandha, Kukundara, Aavarta, Krikaat`ika. |
| Dhamani Marma | 9 | Guda, Aapastambha, Vidhura, S`hringaat`aka. |
Dhamanee Marma are described by Vaagbhat`a.
According to Parin`aama Bheda
| Parin`aama | Marma no | Type | Marma names |
| Sadya praan`a hara | 19 | Aagneya | S`hringaat`aka 4, Adhipati 1, S`hamkha2, Kan`tha Siraa 8, Guda1, Basti1, Hridaya1, Naabhi1. |
| Kaalantara praan`a hara | 33 | Saumyaagneya | Vaksha Marma 8 Stanamoola,StanarohitaApalaapa, Apastambha(2each) .Kshipra4, Brihati2, Seemaanta5, Talahridaya 4, Indrabasti 4, Nitamba 2, Kat`ikatarun`a 2, Sandhi 2. |
| Rujaakara Marma | 8 | Vaayu+Agni adhikya | Gulpha 2, Man`ibandha 2, KoorchaS`hira 4. |
| Vis`halyaghna | 3 | Vaayavya | Utkshepa 2, Sthapani 1. |
| Vaikalyakara | 44 | Rest |
According to Avayava Bheda
| Avayava | Marma names |
| Sakthi (paada) 11 | Kshipra, Talahridaya, Koorcha, Koorchas`hira, Gulpha, Indrabasti, Jaanu, Oorvee, Aan`i, Lohiaaksha, Vit`apa. |
| Uraha +Udara26 | Guda, Basti, Naabhi, Hridaya,(1each),Stanamoola, Stanarohita, Apalaapa, Apastambha(2each). |
| Prisht`ha14 | Kat`ikatarun`a , Kukundara, Nitamba, Paars`hva sandhi, Brihatee, Ansaphalaka, Ansa (2 each). |
| Baahu 11 | Kshipra, Talahridaya, Koorcha Koorchas`hira, Man`ibandha,Indrabasti, Koorpara,,Oorvee, Aan`i, Lohiaaksha, Kashaadhara. |
| Oordhvajatrugata37 | Dhamani 4, Maatrikaa 8 ,Krikat`ikaa, Vidhura, Phan`aa, Apaanga, Aavarta, Utkshepa, S`hankha (2 each)Sthapanee1, Seemanta 5, Shringaat`aka4, Adhipati1. |
Marma Aaghaata: Related Lakshan`a
| Trauma to various types of Marma | Associated symptoms |
| Sadya praan`ahara Marma | Indreeya Naas`ha , Mana bhuddhi Viparyaya , Vedana |
| Kaalantara praan`ahara Marma | Dhaatukshaya , Vedana, Mrityu |
| Vaikalyakara Marma | Vikalaangataa |
| Vis`halyaghna Marma | Person sUrveeves till S`halya is present. |
| Rujaa kara Marma | If treated by unqualified Vaidya trauma to these Marma may lead to disability. |
When Marma like Kshipra or Talahridaya are injured, it causes severe hemorrhage and causes Vaataprakopa leading severe pain.
However, when limbs are severed the blood vessels contract due to which there is minimal blood loss.
So when there is injury to above Marma the extremities should be excised immediately.
Due to trauma at the site of Marma, the person may immediately die even if they survive due to surgeons efficacy he/she will definitely suffer from disability.
Person may survive even if he is having injury to trunk, skull or body parts injured or even suffering from traumatic amputation of extremities if Marma are not involved.
Symptoms due to traumatic incision, excision, tearing, infringement, burning at the adjacent part are analogous to symptoms of Marmaghaata.
Last updated on March 2nd, 2021 at 03:25 pm